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Slots and Poker Combined - Video Poker
Video Poker is an online casino game that combines the fast pace of slots and the thrill of playing traditional poker. It is named video poker since you are playing against the machine.
Short Video Poker History
One of the very first video poker machines dated back to the 19th century. They were manufactured by the "Sittman and Pitt" company in Brooklyn in the 1800's, and were operated by putting a coin. Five drums which held poker cards could be spun in the machine by pulling a lever, similar to how slot machines work. The 10 of Spades and the Jack of Hearts were excluded by the machine in order to lower down the chances of winning. The winners were served with drinks and/or cigars.
From the previous years, the video poker machines were launched in 1976 with black and white colors. But within just 8 months, colored machines also came in the market. These days, the video poker machines are one of the common sights that you can see in traditional casinos. There were lots of variations that were applied to the game, such as including it in the progressive jackpot games, applying wild cards and payoff schedules. When the online casino gaming industry was introduced in 1994, players had acknowledged online video poker games exceptionally, thus, serving as a delectable addition to the game's history.
Video Poker Playing Guide
Video poker games are much more the same as other traditional poker games, except for the bets being wagered, which are considerably smaller than these traditional poker betting systems. The game is a contest between you (the player) and the machine (the dealer).
Similar to slots games, you have to put a coin and press a button in order to be dealt with cards by the video poker machine. You will be dealt with five cards, and when these cards are turned face up, you have to decide which among the cards you want to hold or discard. After you have discarded some cards, you then draw additional number of cards to replace how many cards you have discarded.
The objective of the game is simple: you have to finish with the best possible hand ranking. Your payout will depend on the rank of the final hand you are holding, the variety of video poker game you play, and the number of coins that you wager. Most video poker games accept 1 to 5 pieces of coin, from $0.25 up to $50 each coin as the wager.
Video Poker Varieties, Hand Rankings, and Payouts
Most video poker games applies the same poker hand rankings that traditional poker games use. In most varieties of video poker, the ROYAL FLUSH receives the highest payout. But in Deuces and Joker game, four Deuces (2) and a Joker has the most payout (10,000 coins) when you bet five coins. The lowest hand ranking that wins a payout also differs depending on the type of the game. The Tens or Better requires that you have a 10-high or better hand ranking; the Aces and Faces and the Jacks or Better variants requires a Jack-high or better; the Joker Poker requires a King-high or better; the Double Joker requires a Two Pairs or better; the Deuces Wild and the Deuces and Joker requires at least a Three of a Kind.
Marshall Goldsmith: How to Increase Your Leadership Effectiveness
Windows Vista Virus Removal Instructions
Here are instructions for removing viruses and spyware, both from your home computer, whether you may have a laptop or desktop PC. Remember these directions assume you have a basic understanding of your computer and how to navigate to its general components.
1 - Disable System Restore in Control
Find the start menu icon and then navigate to the Control Panel. From there it goes to backup and
2 - Install AVG Antivirus Software
Before you install anything you want to remove all other installations of antivirus software. Then go into control panel and then programs and remove any that you may have. From here, you must either download AVG Antivirus, the award-winning antivirus program or download it from another computer (with updates). Do it if your current computer does not have access to the Internet.
Install AVG on your PC, there is a need for Windows Vista virus removal, but remember to update the program before doing a full scan. Update via Internet if you have a connection or via disk you have downloaded the program and updates. When the scan is finished doing a full scan, make sure you heal, delete or quarantine any infections. Also remove all warnings in this column there.
3 - Reboot your home computer
Hit the restart button on your PC, and this time go into safe mode by pressing F8 (on most computers) when the computer is booting up. This time, do another full scan to make sure everything was removed, it is important to do so do not forget the.
4 - Re Enable System Restore from previous
Start button and then go to control panel and back into the backup and restore center. Create a restore point or change settings button now. Click the System properties window now. Mark the boxes which indicate your hard drive with Windows Vista on it. We are nearing the end of our Windows Vista virus removal instructions so stay with it, just a few steps back.
5 - Enable and use Windows
The panel then automatic updates, make sure that they are activated and to check for updates right there. Install all critical updates and necessary components, this is a must not skip this step.
Finally, reboot your home computer one last time. If you feel your computer is not back to normal and things seem not to work correctly, consult a professional or a more experienced friend. If everything seems to be ok so make sure your AVG antivirus is set to do daily scans at a given time, so you're protected in the future. And come back and read more about Windows Vista virus removal instructions.
Windows 7 Boot Slow Tips On How To Make Windows 7 Boot Faster!
As a latest operating system. Win seven Integrated numerous services and applications than any other previous OS With these many programs to run at startup, Windows 7 is always a tendency to start slowly. These programs not only occupy much space on your hard disk, but also extend the boot up time much. So more and more users want to know how to make Windows 7 boot faster now.
Of course you can choose to buy a new computer to make Windows 7 faster. But it is not your best gathering place and it will also cost you extra bucks. Besides, no matter how quickly a new PC can, it will surely get more and more slowly as time passes. So it does not mean that you do not need to optimize it again.
The best way to make Windows 7 boot faster is to manage your startup programs and applications. Are you thinking that if you get a lot more than three - programs that run on system start, how can it be possible to make Windows 7 boot fast?
Solution on how to make Window 7 boot faster
So here is the solutionon how you manage your startup programs and make your windows 7 boot faster. Click Start, and input "msconfig" in Run box. Press the OK button. You will see all the services and applications that will be started automatically when the computer starts up. Prevent them unnecessarily products and re-boot your computer. You will see an improvement in your windows 7 boot up speeds.
But remember to do it carefully because some processes are very important to Windows. Remove them by mistake will cause serious problems, even system crashes. It is not funny at all. So you'd better choose some easy to use tools to do it for you.
Windows 7 Performance Tweaks
1. Go to System Properties (press Windows + Pause / Break keys),
2. Select Advanced
3. Then press the Settings button under Performance
4. A new window opens
5. Select Adjust for best performance radio button
If you do not like the minimalist look, select the Custom radio button, disable the effects you do not need, and let the effects you want.
Another thing you can do is to customize folder and search options:
1. Open Windows Explorer
2. Go to Organize - Folder and Search Options
3. Disable the following:
* Hide file extensions for known file types
* Show popup description for folder and desktop items
* Display file size information in folder tips
* Show encrypted or compressed NTFS files in color
Another good thing to do would be to run Auslogics Service Manager, which is part of Boost Speed, and check which services can be safely disabled. Running some services can take a lot of disk space, and it is a shame, especially if you never use these services.
One more thing that can save you a lot of time is to adjust UAC settings. UAC in Windows 7 is not nearly as annoying as in
1. Sign UAC in the Start menu search box and hit Enter
2. Click on the result, and you will be taken to UAC settings
3. Now you can adjust the settings to your taste - I prefer to have the opposite never communicate, as it is a good combination of not being constantly annoyed and security.
User Accounts in Windows
Local user accounts allow users to log on and access resources on only the computer where the local user account was created.
When you create a local user account that Windows XP creates the account only in that computer's security database, called the local security database. Windows XP does not copy the local user account data to domain controllers. After the local user account exists, the computer uses its local security forces database to authenticate the local user account which allows the user to log on that computer.
Do not create local user accounts on computers that run Windows XP, which is part of a domain because the domain does not recognize local user accounts. Therefore, the user is not able to access resources in the field and the domain administrator is able to manage the local user account properties or assigning access permissions to resources available.
Built-in user accounts:
Windows XP automatically creates accounts called embedded accounts. Two commonly used built-in Administrator and Guest accounts.
1. Administrator
Use the built-in Administrator account to manage the entire computer and domain configuration, such as create and modify user accounts and groups, managing security policies, create printer and assigning permissions and rights to user accounts for access to resources.
If you are an administrator, you must create a user account that you use to perform non-administrative tasks.
Note: You can rename the Administrator account, but you can not delete it. As a best practice, you should rename the built-in Administrator account to give a greater degree of certainty. Use a name that does not identify it as an administrator account because they do not know which user account it is.
2. Guest
Use the built-in Guest account to allow occasional users to log on and access to resources. For example. An employee who needs access to resources for a short time can use the guest account This account is disabled by default. Note: The guest account is disabled by default. Enable Guest account only in low-security network and always assign it a password. You can rename the Guest account, but you can not delete it.
What Causes Your Computer To Freeze Or Crash
One day you use your computer and it's working properly, but then suddenly everything freezes or crashes. Does this sound familiar or what? Here are quick and simple tips that will help you solve your problem.
1. Check out all the newly installed hardware or software. If you have installed either a new hardware or software, uninstall it. If the problem persists, then the hardware or software due to the freeze / crash.
2. Run antivirus software on your computer. Computer lock ups happen suddenly. The antivirus software must be updated regularly. If you have no antivirus program, you can make use of free programs online. Search the Internet for free antivirus program that you can use to verify that caused the crash or freeze.
3. Remove spyware by spyware removal programs. If you are finished tip number two, and you find no viruses, so there may be spyware or adware on your PC. You can download software programs that remove spyware / adware, or you can use the free spyware removal software programs online.
4. Make space on your hard disk. Check the C drive, and you must ensure that the available space is over 20%. If the disk space is quite low, it can cause random lock ups.
5. Check if your PC is overheated. Lockups is also due to overheating. Make sure that the fan inside the computer has no dust buildup; cooling problems are among the causes. The temperature must be equal within the prescribed limits. Observe extra care when cleaning the case of your computer.
6. Check your computer's hard drive. You need to ensure that the computer's logical structure is not damaged. Go to "My Computer 'and right click on" drive C ". Click' Tools' tab. Check 'yes' if a prompt appears to restart your computer. After starting, some problems fixed automatically. But if the problem persists , the disk must be replaced. Run "disk defragmenter" so that the computer will do well. This is one way to ensure computer reliability.
7. Check your computer's memory. Lockups, freezing or crashing, is also associated with memory. If you find problems with memory, re-seat the RAM. After you re-seat and the problem persists, you should replace it because it is already defective.
8. Advanced users can check for hardware problems. Make sure you do this correctly.
9. Update drivers and Windows. Outdated components can sometimes cause freezing. You must update these components regularly.
These helpful tips can diagnose problems with your PC and eliminate the possible causes. Most of the time, computer problems dealt with case by case, it all depends on the configuration of a particular computer. You may consult the online computer problem forums where you can find effective solutions. If after a huge effort freezing still persists, it is time to consult a computer technician. Experts can help you fix freezing problems on your computer. Now you can use your computer without encountering any computer problems.
Speed Up Vista Shutdown
There is a feature that lets you see which programs are slowing down your system. To access go to Control Panel - Performance Information and Tools. Then click on Advanced Tools in the navigation panel. You will get a screen that shows you the different tools. If there are any shutdown issues, a message will appear at the top of this screen. Click on it and see what programs creates problems along with recommendations on how to resolve them.
There is some registry tweak that can involve a significant reduction
Once you have backed up the Registry, go to Start and type regedit in the search bar. This will open Registry Editor. Then go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SYSTEM \ CurrentControlSet \ Control. You should see WaitToKillServiceTimeout on the right side. Change the value of 20000 milliseconds (20 seconds) to 5000 milliseconds (5 seconds). Do not choose a lower value because services need time to shut down properly. This tweak should make your system shutdown faster. Enjoy.
The Benefits of Mac
Far better than the graphics on a PC, a Mac is the preferred computer for users who are in graphic design, Adobe Photoshop, virtual scrapbooking and more.
Macs are instilled with a higher sound quality, so if you're a music aficionado who will use your computer much to play music, look at a Mac.
It used to be that PCs equipped with Windows OS was far cheaper than any Mac model. Not so anymore. Although there is still a cheap PC version computers that cost a lot less, the most advanced, groundbreaking Macs and PCs are comparable in price.
Macs tend to be easier to use and operate with embedded tutorials and videos, uniform platform for applications, and simple drag and drop commands.
Whilst speed, multi-tasking, and functionality of any computer depends on a number of factors, Macs start up significantly faster than most PCs.
Online data backup used to be available generally only from PCs, but now many serious companies providing online backup only for Apple computers, so Mac users can now rest easy knowing all their data is protected.
Personal computers have a myriad of software programs, but Mac software applications are more versatile, innovative and secure, providing users with the same functionality without all the clutter.
Last but certainly not least, Macs tend to appeal to a younger, more trendy generation, with its pleasing aesthetic factors - from the clean, sleek lines, elegant design and modern feel.
Pros and Cons of Linux. is it Right for your Business
Linux is an operating system like Microsoft Windows, MacOS, or Unix. It was created as a hobby by Linux Torvalds, a student at the
Each distribution has its own set of features and functionality that makes it unique. While Linux is generally considered free-ware and people associate that with no the cost, that is not always the case. Some distributions are available for download for free and others are available on CD or floppy disk and have a small charge associated with them. You can find a list of distributions that http://www.linux.org/ and a list of applications that http://www.Linux.org/apps/
Because if the adaptability of Linux it has been embraced and supported by a number of operating systems and software programs. For example, IBM, Hewlett-Packard and other giants of the computing world have embraced Linux and support its ongoing development and openoffice.org and Mozilla run on Linux.
What are the benefits of Linux?
Many people fear that Linux is going to be difficult to work with or that it will be difficult to find software that will run on Linux however Linux is a very standard operating system, compatible with just about any software you need.
Beyond being a standard operating system, Linux supports open source software Which makes it a very economical operating system, especially if you program your own software. It offers many free or low cost applications which include, basic desktop applications like web browser, email program, word processing program, spreadsheets, graphics program, and file managers.
Linux can easily operate as a central server for your business. With Linux, you can serve your own web pages up for public consumption and trade your own email.
Linux does not require top of the line hardware though many recommend you have at least 256 MB of RAM and at least 4 GB of space in your hard drive.
Linux is considered to be extremely stable and does not need to be Rebooted periodically two maintain performance levels. Think about the last time you set to your computer and it froze. Not fun, right? That does not happen with Linux if it is configured correctly.
Linux is not going to be replaced anytime soon and when bugs are found in the system, a developer are quickly on the job and often times a solution is offered within a matter of hours, not months or years like many other operating systems.
Linux is also fast and can act A number of tasks at the same time.
Linux also claims to be one of the most secure operating systems is not plagued with the viruses that other operating systems generally deal with.
Linux is free from having to upgrade it or deal with proprietary file formats and licensing fees. You do not have to register it due to its open source format.
You can have both Linux and Windows on your computer. (You'll have two partition them on your hard drive and you can only boot them one at a time.)
Drawbacks of Linux
There is no 1800 customer service number to call. However, most distributions offer a support number or email to call if you find a bug. They also generally come with installation instructions.
You can not run applications for MS Windows on Linux. However, there are Linux emulators or applications that enable you to run some Windows applications on your Linux system. They operate like a translator. Some of these 'translation or emulator' products are free and others are available for a price.
Linux is not able to run some advanced financial applications or reproduce some proprietary multimedia formats.
Tips and Advice:
Choose a popular distribution has a large developer community. A large developer community means that you'll find the program that you need easily and you will be Able to install them with the same ease. The more well-known distributions have prepared program in 'packages' that are easy to install. On top of this, there are tools designed especially for a particular distribution to manage these two packages make sure that the program run correctly right away. The website Distrowatch.com maintains a comprehensive list of the most popular distribution.
Get the latest version of your chosen distribution. The newer the Linux distribution version, the better the hardware support. The number of glitches you'll get in the installation process decreases with the newness of the version of Linux you choose.
Consider paying for your Linux distribution. It is true that you can get a full-featured Linux operating system free of charge by downloading it from any number of sources. This is an excellent alternative two an operating system like Windows, which either comes pre-loaded with a newly purchased computer (which gets figured into the cost), is bought separately or copied 'illegally'. In most people's experience, the popular Linux distributions are easy to install. However, if you do run into some glitch (normally hardware related), you may have a frustrating experience. Although there are a number of Excellent Linux support forums out there, personalized advice on your particular problem may be hard to find.
Use an appropriate computer. If you want to use Linux to do the same things that you would with Windows XP or Mac OS X, then you'll need the newest computer you can get your hands on. Avoiding 'elite' video cards and new, exotic hardware will also work in your favor because you will not have two deals with hardware support which may be inferior two hardware support from other operating systems.
Bottom Line:
Linux is a fantastic and powerful operating system that can act most or all of your operating needs. It is secure, solid, reliable, and generally extremely cost effective. When purchased or obtained through a reliable distributor and installed and configured correctly there are virtually no drawbacks two running Linux. Additionally, you do not have to give up your windows if you do not want to.
Setting Windows Vista Sharing Permissions on Shared Folders
Before you proceed, make sure you have a user account created for each person who will access the share. Follow these steps to share a folder with advanced permissions:
1. Select Start, and then click your username to access your user profile folder.
2. Click on the folder you want to share. If you want to share a subfolder or file, instead open its folder and then click the folder or file.
3. Click the Share button in the task pane. Windows Vista displays the object's Properties sheet Sharing selected tab.
4. Click Advanced Sharing. User Account Control dialog box appears.
5. Enter your UAC credentials to continue. Advanced Sharing dialog box appears.
6. Assets Part of this folder checkbox.
7. By default
8. A small network, it is unlikely that you'll have to limit the number of users that can access this resource, you are probably safe to leave limit the number of simultaneous users that the spin box value on the 10th
9. Click Permissions to display the Permissions for Share dialog where Share is the share name you specified in step 7
10. Select the everyone group in the Group or user names list and then click Remove.
Managing files and folders in the Windows XP operating system
Compression
Compression is an NTFS attribute of files and folders. This increases the amount of free hard disk space by reducing the size of the files or folders. Compressing files and folders on a computer allows users to store more data on your computer's hard drive. NTFS supports compression on volumes, folders and the files that are compressed on an NTFS volume. A user can read a compressed file located on an NTFS volume without decompressing it. The file is decompressed automatically as soon as the file read process starts. On a volume that is about to run out of space, shows the compression to be a very effective means to increase the empty space on your hard disk, and thus the management of disk space. A user can control the compression attributes of files or folders individually.
To enable compression on a file, folder or a complete NTFS volume, a user has to follow the steps below:
Right click on volume, file or folder and choose Properties.
On the General tab page in the Properties dialog box for file, folder or volume, click on the Advanced button.
In the Advanced Attributes dialog box, select the Compress contents to save disk space check box on the Compress or Encrypt attributes section, and click the OK button.
Moving and copying compressed files and folders: When a user move or copy the compressed files and folders in Windows, these files and folders affected in the following way:
When files and folders are moved within the NTFS volume compression attribute remains the same in its new location, whatever status the destination folder (ie whether it is compressed or uncompressed).
When files and folders are copied in the same volume from one place to another, the original compression attribute lost, and the files will inherit the attributes of the new parent folder (destination).
When files and folders are copied or transferred to another volume, the compression attribute is lost and the files or folders inherit properties of the destination folder.
Copying or moving compressed files and folders from one NTFS volume to FAT or FAT32 volume do not support compression because FAT or FAT32 does not support compression of files or folders.
Windows XP supports a new feature called Compressed (zipped) folder. This feature can be used in quantities of either FAT or NTFS file system, or both. The compressed (zipped) folder can be easily shared with other users, although they are not running Windows XP Professional, or using a drive formatted with NTFS file system.
Supporting File Encryption
File encryption is a file attribute that allows a user to protect files and folders. It is a way to make data unreadable to protect it from unauthorized users, especially in network transmission. Windows XP Professional allows the user to protect files and folders using the Encrypting File System (EFS). EFS codes a file in a way that a user can not read file data, even if he gets access to the file. Only an authorized user can read the file. When an unauthorized user tries to access an EFS encrypted resource, the user receives Access Denied message. EFS implementation has two limitations. Firstly, an EFS encryption only on volumes formatted as NTFS, and secondly, a user can not use EFS to encrypt a file has been compressed using NTFS compression. By default, Windows XP, the names of encrypted files with a green color. A user can also change color as per his requirements.
Managing disk quotas
Disk quota is a very efficient disk management in Windows XP Professional. Administrators on NTFS formatted volumes can use this feature. It allows administrators to restrict or determine the amount of disk space to multiple users on an NTFS volume. Disk quotas provide system administrators with a powerful tool for managing storage growth. Administrators can set both soft and hard limits, i.e. when a user exceeds a warning level (soft limit), an event is logged: when a user exceeds the hard limit, they receive an Out of Disk error. Disk quotas apply to all quantities. It can not be configured on a folder-by-folder basis. When a user meets or exceeds the quota, he will have to delete files to create empty space, transfer ownership of some of his files to other users or ask administrator to give more disk space. Compression does not work when the limit is exceeded. Simply by compressing some folders, a user can not increase the available disk space in his allotted quota.
Managing security
Windows XP provides an excellent way to ensure the shared files and folders across a network of proper allocation of the default NTFS permissions. There are six basic NTFS folder permissions and NTFS permissions five fundamental. Beyond these standard permissions, an NTFS formatted volume also offers advanced file and folder permissions that an administrator can assign a more specific way. System or network administrators in both files and folders can use all these permits. Whole assigned standard, and advanced permissions can be found on the Security tab page of File's and folder's Properties dialog box.
Another way to handle security is to verify permission inheritance. When an administrator assigns some NTFS permissions on a folder, all files and subfolders in the parent folder will automatically inherit the parent folder permissions. This is called permission inheritance. An administrator can stop this inheritance either at the parent level or child level by setting the Security tab page of the parent folder's dialog box. Therefore, Windows XP with the NTFS-formatted volume provides a very effective way to manage files and directories both local as well as in a network environment.
Optimize Windows 7
Personally we love, right-click because it's such a good way to get more opportunities faster. For example. Send To option when you click a folder in Windows Explorer can save you a lot of time
By default, Windows 7 Send To menu contains only a few places and not give you much choice:
That does not look too impressive. But fortunately there is a trick to that - press Shift before right-click and Send to menu will grow:
Now that looks a lot better, do not you think?
Switching between Windows Faster
Minimize - Maximize window animation was first introduced in Windows Vista and found its way into Windows 7 Although it does look cool, but also creates a delay, and makes your PC slower. Disabling this effect is really easy. This will speed up your computer and make it more responsive.
Go to Start, typing in System Properties Performance and press Enter
Go to the Visual Effects tab
Uncheck animate windows when minimizing and maximizing
Click OK
Enjoy a faster, more responsive PC.
Use Problems Step Recorder
Have you ever struggled when trying to describe a problem for a computer technician? We bet you have - of course some problems are almost impossible to describe with words.
Windows 7 offers a simple solution - a tool called Problem Steps Recorder. Basically, it seems like every screenshot software and also records everything you do with your mouse, etc. So now you can use it to monitor the system and create a report. Then you can send the report to your computer technician or another user.
To test the tool, simply write psr.exe in the Start menu and press Enter.
Linux Vs BSD
BSD family of UNIX systems is based on source code to real UNIX was developed at Bell Labs, which was later bought by the
BSD stands behind the philosophy of TCP / IP network and the Internet that, it is a developed Unix system with advanced features. Apart from proprietary BSD / OS, whose development was interrupted, there are currently four BSD systems available: FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and Mac OS X, which is derived from FreeBSD. There are also various forks of these, like PC-BSD - a FreeBSD clone, or Miro, an OpenBSD clone. The intention of such forks is to include various characteristics missing in the above BSD systems, which these (forks), regardless of how well they are designed, only strongly depend. PC-BSD, for example, has more graphical features than FreeBSD, but there are no significant differences between these two. PC-BSD can not breathe without FreeBSD, FreeBSD or OpenBSD are independent of each other.
What is Linux?
While users like to use the term "Linux" for all Linux distros including packages (Red Hat Linux, Mandrake Linux, etc.) for IT professionals Linux is only the kernel. Linux started in 1991 when its author, Linux Torvals began work on a free replacement of Minix. Developers of a lot of Linux system utilities used source code from BSD, as both these systems began in parallel at approximately the same time (1992-1993) as Open Source.
Today there are a few if not many developers of their own kernels / operating systems (FreeDOS, Agnix, ReactOS, Inferno, etc.) but these guys simply missed the right train in the right hour. They had not lost anything, except that they may be even better programmers, but without public opinion recognizes this as a whole. Linux built his fame also from the work of many developers, and he went on board in time. Linux deserves credit as a software idea policy makers, and he helped a lot in this area.
(Open) BSD vs Linux
It is often difficult to say what is better if you compare two things without regard to the purpose of their application. Mobile Internet may appear better for someone who travels often, but for people working at home such mobility is not required. Against this background it is a stupid question when someone asks: "What is better, a mobile or static Internet?" It all depends ...
If you compare Linux and OpenBSD in their desktop environment features, Linux offers more applications than OpenBSD, but in a server solution BSD systems are known to be robust, more stable and secure, and without so many patches distributors release soon after their new version Linux slipped to light.
BSD systems are based upon real Unix source code, unlike Linux, developed from scratch (kernel).
Differences between BSD and Linux
1) BSD license allows users / companies to modify a program's source code and not to release changes to the public. In other words, the BSD license commercial use and incorporation of a code into proprietary commercial products. This is how Microsoft incorporated BSD networking into their products and how Mac OS X makes money through muscles of FreeBSD.
Linux uses the GPL license for most of the time (applications in Linux can also have a BSD license - or no license, and it is up to developers how they decide). With a GPL-licensed program anybody can change the source code, he or she must share it with the Open Source community to ensure that all will benefit from such a change.
2) BSD are the "core system" (without packaging). The core consists of basic utilities (like ssh, fdisk, various commands such as chmod or sysctl, manual pages, etc.) and anything beyond this is strictly seen as an add-on. Linux (not just the kernel, of course) is usually packaged as whole system where this difference is not visible.
3) On BSD systems, all add-on packages are strictly installed in / usr / local directory: documents to user / Local / share / docs / application_name, themes and other stuff to / usr / local / share / application_name; binary files / usr / local / bin / application_name. By application_name we believe a program name, so if you install IceWM, for example, the binary will be here: / usr / Local / bin / icewm. With Linux, on the other hand, all applications are usually installed in / usr / bin directory.
4) BSD systems use the system of "gates" which are fingerprints of applications in the / usr / ports directory, where a user can "cd" and execute a make command that will retrieve via a directive contained in such fingerprint's code, the program source and the system will make it so good. "Ports" are actually add-on packages for BSD systems, and they are packed in packages repository of a concrete BSD system. They can be installed as binary also using "pkg_add" either directly from the Internet or locally. But the "port" has the advantage that if an author of a package makes a new version, a user can immediately get its newest / updated version. Packages released for a given BSD version (like OpenBSD 4.1) is not updated and users have to wait for a new BSD release (like OpenBSD 4.2).
5) BSD systems have also their stable version. With FreeBSD, for example you have a FreeBSD Release (a version that can be used normally), FreeBSD Stable (system more profound revision of errors and security holes), and a development version - Current, which is not steady and not recommended for a regular use. Some Linux distributions started to imitate this philosophy, but with BSD systems this way to make distributions has been a regular.
6) Of course the kernel is absolutely different.
7) BSD has FFS file system, it is the only filesystem on BSD's contrary to Linux, where you can use dozens of file systems as ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, XFS, etc.
8) BSD systems divide their partitions internally. This means that after installing a BSD system to a hard drive, programs like fdisk will PartitionMagic, Norton Ghost and many others do not see this internal division of a BSD (FFS) disk, so repartitioning of a disk is not such a pain when administrators require a rigorous partitioning (for / home, / tmp, / var, / etc directories). As a consequence, also naming convention differs slightly: a disk - / dev/ad0s3b in FreeBSD indicates that you are dealing with "slice" 3 ("s3") similar to Linux / dev/hda3, internal "partition" is the name in a letter: "a", "b", "e" etc. ("b" is a swap partition). BSD systems also use different naming conventions for devices (disks, etc.).
9) Unless you're doing a good kernel hack, BSD systems can be installed in the primary partition. It is not the rule with Linux. But as BSD systems offer above internal distribution of partitions, this is not any pain. Computer architecture for disks (IDE) follows the rule that you can only have four primary partitions. We will illustrate this on Linux: / dev/hda1 (note: the first partition on master disk on first IDE channel), / dev/hda2 (second partition) / dev/hda3 (third partition), / dev/hda4 (fourth partition). PC architecture allows creation of the "logical disk on a physical disk (/ dev/hda5, / dev/hda6, etc.). You can have as many logical disks / partitions as you want and you can also install Linux into these "logical disks". On the other hand, installing a BSD OS in such a "logical partition" is not usually possible.
10) System Configuration manual for most of the time, but the various clones like PC-BSD break this convention. The manual method is a very good thing, as administrators have everything under control without being pushed to waste time in a labyrinth of bloated configuration menus. A good comparison is to imagine a car mechanic repairing car engine covered by a thick blanket. To give yourself a little better example - you will hardly find a Linux distribution, not having a default X startup (graphical environment). Of course you can turn off your X environment during installation configuration, but if you keep just forget us and forget to turn this off or you have trouble finding it in the menu somewhere, you realize that most Linux distributors purely actually imposes on us only one way - to put our fingers first on the thick carpet, then on the motor. If you are a good administrator, you usually do not trust vendors who program how to use Linux - you're the boss, and you must have your own freedom. But in most cases you lose few hours instead of to disable various services that are unfortunately not necessary, but almost always enabled by default. Linux is praised both for being a good desktop and server, but administrators of a good server does not need X. The more software is stored on your hard drive, the more security problems you will face, because it is impossible to review every package in every conceivable situation. Good and secure systems are always tight, light and simple.
11) All BSD systems have a Linux emulation support. Running BSD binaries on Linux is a little harder.
12) BSD systems have less support from driver vendors so that they are behind with this view (they are not worse, but many vendors support only Microsoft and Linux). With a BSD system, you must carefully research the Internet for supported products / chipsets before purchasing any hardware.
13) BSD systems do not use Unix System V runlevel scripts "(initialization Start scripts) like Linux.
14) BSD kernels can be configured for multiple security levels. This is also possible with Linux, but BSD's has been a very good care of this kernel-tuning feature, which makes it even possible to alter any files in higher security levels - you can not delete them.
15) BSD's have everything under one roof. Different Linux programs are often not even compatible with other Linuces. For example, if you install a SuSE RPM package on Mandrake can not work. BSD's has a solid crown of power. If you move from Linux to FreeBSD, you will soon find out that you got out of this chaos. Want a package? Just visit: http://www.freebsd.org/ports/ and download it. Unless the developer made some programming error, it will always work.
16) General BSD systems boot and reboot faster than Linux. Linux can do this, too, but it must be stopped. It is very surprising that Linux is shipped on one side of the huge DVD and on the other hand, it has a compressed core. BSD systems do not use (but they can be) a standard core that is compressed, so the system boots always faster. Linux vendors program users to use different, often unnecessary services. We do not need SAMBA (file and print services) and many other things too. Linux reboot process takes longer because the various services that run on Linux will need time for deactivation. Many Linux users do not even know what is the purpose of these services.
17) In comparison to BSD, most Linux distributions is overbloated. Few good users noticed this some time ago and a new trend in the Linux world started with ideas to get closer to a BSD-style use. One of these distributions is Gentoo Linux, but also Slackware Linux, which has maintained a very good shape since its first publication (1993). Gentoo "About" page (http://www.gentoo.org) says that "Gentoo is a free operating system based on either Linux or FreeBSD ..." Therefore, if you use Slackware or Gentoo, they will Linuces always reboot faster than any other Linux.
18) When you compile programs from ports, you will not stumble in drafting error. BSD packagers prepare their packages thoroughly, so that users will always pick them luck. This does not always happen with Linux.